This research presents the design, development, and innovation analysis of an Arduino-driven agricultural robot capable of real-time soil and climate analysis, seed suggestion, and automatic dispensing of varied seeds. A review of existing open-source, academic, and commercial systems demonstrates significant limitations in autonomous seed selection, which this project addresses by integrating multiple sensors and intelligent control.
Automation in seed sowing has rapidly evolved, yet most solutions focus primarily on mechanical dispensing and basic obstacle avoidance. In contrast, smart farming requires data-driven decision-making—selecting the most suitable crop for real-time local conditions. This project aims to push the boundaries by enabling a robot to analyze soil/colour, moisture, and climate, and autonomously select, sow, and irrigate the best-matched seed from a collection.
All evaluated systems lack intelligent, sensor-based seed selection. Their limitations are summarized below:
| Feature | Existing Systems | This Project |
|---|---|---|
| Automated Movement & Obstacle Avoidance | Yes | Yes |
| Basic Soil/Climate Sensing | Moisture, sometimes pH or temp | Color, moisture, temp, expandable |
| Seed Recommendation by Sensors | No (user choice, preset only) | Yes (fully autonomous selection) |
| Multi-Seed Bins & Dispensing | Rare, mostly single type | Yes (servo selection among bins) |
| Automated Irrigation | Yes/limited | Relay-controlled pump, sensor based |